California Certifying Board for Medical Assistants (CCBMA) Practice Test

The correct term for a disease of the endocrine system is goiter. A goiter refers specifically to an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is a critical component of the endocrine system responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development through the secretion of hormones such as thyroxine.

Understanding goiters is important because they can arise from various conditions, including iodine deficiency or autoimmune diseases such as Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, reflecting disorders within the endocrine system.

The other options listed pertain to different medical conditions unrelated to the endocrine system: nephromegaly refers to kidney enlargement, myocardial infarction indicates a heart attack, and cholelithiasis refers to the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder. Each of these conditions involves different organ systems and pathologies, highlighting the distinct nature of endocrine disorders represented by goiter.